Read the text here: Acts 16:16-40.

Paul and Timothy, along with their traveling companions spend some time in Philippi. Paul becomes irritated with a slave girl, possessed by an evil spirit, who keeps pointing at them and yelling, “These men are servants of the Most High God…” Now perhaps Paul simply saw the slave girl as a nuisance, but more than likely he is annoyed by the connection between their ministry and the evil spirit. Her possession is characterized as “pythian,” a term connecting her spirit of divination with the inspiration of the famous oracles of Delphi.

She is an interesting character in the story–a slave girl prophesying to the coming of God’s salvation just as the quote from the prophet Joel in Acts 2:18 describes. Her repeated announcements are disregarded, and she is ultimately silenced, with no word of her fate after the spirit is cast out. This act of healing (whether of kindness or expediency) creates new opponents for Paul, the owners of the slave girl who are now deprived of her fortune-telling income.

Before too long Paul and his traveling companion, Silas, are imprisoned for disturbing the peace. Thus the stage is set for one of the most familiar Sunday School lessons of all time–Paul and Silas singing in jail!

They are in the “innermost prison,” with no possible means of escape, and yet we who have been reading along know that this will not be the end of the story. Jail walls have not stopped the work of spreading the gospel. An earthquake frees all the prisoners, but they remain in their cells, to the visible relief of the jailer (who would have been killed for such a grievous error). The witness of Paul and Silas extends to their fellow prisoners, to their jailer, the jailer’s household.

By morning’s light the city magistrates send word that Paul and Silas should be released and allowed to “go in peace,” no small bit of irony considering the public beating the two had received the day before, not to mention the fact that they have been cared for by the jailer not in prison, but in his own home. Paul throws a monkey wrench into the city leaders’ efforts to quietly resolve the situation when he claims his Roman citizenship and demands recognition of his legal status. The magistrates apologize in person to Paul and Silas. And one must suspect, this time politely ask the two missionaries to leave the city.

Paul’s Roman citizenship will continue to be a prominent theme in Acts until the end of the story. With his dual identity as a Jew and a Roman, Paul successfully bridges two worlds and brings the good news to the far reaches of the empire.